History of Cigars Book

Dating back to the Arawak Indians who greeted Columbus on his arrival in the West Indies, the cigar is for many a symbol of all the good things in life. It is a luxury on a par with the finest of wines or a truly gastronomic meal, which it accompanies admirably. The first book in the Cigars boxed set explores the history and traditions of the cigar, from how cigar tobacco is grown and harvested, to the significance of the cigar ring and how to detect a counterfeit cigar. There is a practical buyer's guide listing shops and clubs completing the volume. The second book takes the reader on a taste tour of individual cigars, exploring the qualities of sight, smell, touch, and taste that make a truly great cigar. Eighty-eight cigars are tested in total: eighty from Cuba, undeniably the greatest cigar-producing country in the world, with the remaining examples drawn from the Canaries, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Each cigar is presented via a clear, easy-to-read table, giving it a mark out of ten based on criteria such as flavor, aroma, and quality of combustion. Each table is accompanied by an original, life-sized photograph of the cigar under examination. The handy presentation of the Cigars boxed set and the range of interesting facts presented makes this the perfect gift for anyone who revels in the aroma of a fine Monte Cristo or Romeo y Julieta.

Super Junior

Super Junior (Korean:), often referred to as SJ or SuJu , is a popular boy band from South Korea formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2005. The group debuted with 12 members: Leeteuk (Leader), Heechul, Han Geng, Yesung, Kangin, Shindong, Sungmin, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook, Kibum and later added a 13th member named Kyuhyun; they are one of the largest boy bands in the world. As of 2010, 10 members are active, due to Han Geng's lawsuit with SM Entertainment which led to him leaving the group (now pursuing his own singing career in the Mandarin-Pop entertainment industry), Kangin's temporary leave of absence for mandatory military service and Kibum's pursuit of an acting career. However, the other members have insisted that the three (Kangin, Kibum and Han Geng) are still part of the group, the group also mentioned that they are saddened by Han Geng's departure from the group.
Super Junior has released and contributed in 20 different kinds of records with varying degrees of success.Over the years, they have been divided into smaller sub groups, simultaneously targeting different music industries and audiences. Largely due to Super Junior's success as entertainers, other Korean entertainment managements began to train their music groups in other areas of entertainment, such as acting and hosting In addition to their commercial success, Super Junior has earned seven music awards from the M.net Asian Music Awards, eleven from the Golden Disk Awards, and is the second singing group to win Favorite Artist Korea at the 2008 MTV Asia Awards after JTL in 2003.
In 2001, the company held their first overseas casting auditions and discovered Han Geng in Beijing, China, who was chosen from among three thousand applicants. That same year, Yesung was discovered under Seoul's casting system. Sungmin and Donghae became trainees after jointly winning the first place in Best Outward Appearance in an SM-sponsored contest. In 2002, Heechul and Kangin were recruited along with Kibum, who was discovered in Los Angeles. Siwon was recruited in 2003 after being scouted at 16 in front of his high school, and Ryeowook in 2004, in which the latter was discovered through the Chin Chin Youth Festival singing competition. In 2005, Shindong was selected. The last member, Cho Kyuhyun, was then discovered after winning third place at the Chin Chin Singing Competition in 2005.
Not long after boy band TVXQ's debut in 2003, news about Lee's unprecedented plans of forming another boy band quickly spread on the Internet. In early 2005, Lee confirmed the news and announced that an all-boy project group of twelve members would debut near the end of the year, promoting this singing group to be "The Gateway to Stardom of Asia." Lee announced that that most members in this group were chosen because of their performing experiences as actors, MCs, models, and radio hosts prior debut. Heechul and Kibum were already established entertainers, and most of the other members had already made various kinds of appearances on television and media. Highly inspired by the rotational concept of Japan's girl group Morning Musume, this group would also experience line-up changes, with new members replacing some selected members every year to keep the group constantly young and all-rounded. This concept was then newly introduced to the K-pop market.
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Elissa

Elissar Zakaria Khoury (Arabic: ) (born in Deir el Ahmar, Lebanon on October 27, 1972) simply known as Elissa (Arabic: ) is a Lebanese singer. A well-known best-selling female singer in the Arab World, she has won many awards including three World Music Awards. She is also known for her collaborations with well-known Arab and international artists, notably Ragheb Alama, Cheb Mami, Fadl Shaker, Chris DeBurgh and Gypsy Kings.
Born to Lebanese father (Zakaria Khoury) and Syrian mother (Youmna Suud), her debut was in 1992 in Studio El Fan, a popular music competition where she won a silver medal. Her debut album in 1999 was Baddi Doub on EMI followed by W'akherta Ma'ak and Ayshalak. In 2004 she signed with the major pan-Arab label Rotana Records, with Ahla Donya being the debut on the new label, followed by Bastanak, Ayami Beek and Tsadaq Bmein. Elissa is working on her 8th album set for release in 2011 on the Eid El Ahda holiday.
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Nancy Ajram

Nancy Nabil Ajram (Arabic:) (born May 16, 1983) is a multi-platinum Lebanese singer and Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF. [1] With the support of her father, Nancy began performing as a child and released her first studio album by the age of 15. Her breakthrough occurred with the start of her collaboration with well-known producer Jiji Lamara, when she released her smash-hit "Akhasmak Ah" and 3rd studio album, Ya Salam. In 2004, she released her second international best-seller "Ah w Noss", which spawned several smash-hits, "Ah w Noss", "Lawn Ouyounak", and "Inta Eih" at which point Nancy had established pop icon status in the Middle East.
By 2007, Ajram had sold over 30 million records ranking 3rd best selling female artist in Lebanese history. Her 2008 album "Bitfakkar Fi Eih" spawned seven singles and won Nancy's first World Music Award as Best-selling Middle Eastern Artist, the youngest Arab WMA winner to date. She has released seven studio albums to date and numerous chart-topping singles such as "Atabtab", "Moegaba", "Ehsas Jdeed", "El Donya Helwa", "Mashi Haddi", and "Fi Hagat".
Nancy Ajram is the first and only female sponsor and spokesperson of Coca-Cola in the Middle East and Arab world. Considered by many as an Arabic music icon of the decade, Nancy was described on the Oprah Winfrey Show as one of the most influential personalities of the Middle East. Nancy has made the list of Most Powerful Arabs on Arabian Business several times, and was similary listed by Newsweek as one of the most influential Arabs. Nancy's official Facebook page is the most subscribed Arabic artist page on the social-networking site and the first to reach 1 million subscribers, and her music video for "Fi Hagat" was an Internet phenomenon and is currently the most viewed Arabic music video on the Internet, being the first to hit 10 million views on Youtube.
Ajram was born to father Nabil Ajram and mother Raymonda Aoun, on May 16, 1983 in Achrafieh, a district in Beirut, Lebanon. Ajram is a Maronite Catholic.In 1995, at the age of twelve, Nancy Ajram took part in a variety show, Noujoum Al-Moustakbal, ("Stars of the Future"), a Lebanese reality television competition, which finds new solo musical talent. Ajram won a gold medal in the Tarab category after singing a song by Umm Kulthum.
Ajram studied music with renowned Lebanese musicians and despite being less than 18 years old at the time, the syndicate of professional artists in Lebanon accepted her as a member. Her first singles were titled "Hobbak Allam Albi elGheere" by Abdo Mounzer, and "Oulha Kelma Ala Shani". At the age of 15, she released her first album, Mihtagalak ("I Need You') in 1998. It was followed by Sheel Oyoonak Anni ("Stop Staring") in 2000, which achieved more success.
Ajram's breakthrough was when she began working with Jiji Lamara, an experienced producer and manager. In early 2003, Ajram rose to instant fame with the success of the lead single "Akhasmak Ah" and the release of her third studio album, Ya Salam ("Oh Wow") which was a best-seller. The music video of "Akhasmak Ah" caused a controversy; reminiscent of older Arabic films, Nancy appeared as a cafe manager who dances and flirts with its customers. The release of the next music videos, "Ya Salam" and "Sehr Ouyouno" quietened down criticism as they better introduced Nancy's vocal abilities and style to the public.
Her fourth album, Ah w Noss ("Yes, and a half"), was released on April 12, 2004, and it was also an important marking point in Nancy's career. The tremendous success that "Ah w Noss" achieved, stabilized Nancy's position as an A-List star in the Arab music industry. Nancy then filmed "Lawn Ouyounak" (Color of Your Eyes), which portrayed Nancy as a bride in a traditional Lebanese wedding. After the release of the album, Nancy Ajram signed-up with Coca-Cola to be their official celebrity spokesperson for the Levant, Arabia and North Africa

History of USA

For many years I have contemplated writing a history of the United States in a single volume, that should fall between the elaborate works, which are beyond the reach of most busy people, and the condensed school histories, which are emasculated of all literary style through the necessity of crowding so many facts into small space.

In writing this history my aim has been to present an accurate narrative of the origin and growth of our country and its institutions in such a form as to interest the general reader. I have constantly borne in mind the great importance of combining the science of historical research with the art of historical composition. I have aimed also, especially when treating the national period, to balance the narrative and critical features in intelligent proportion. A mere recital of facts, without historic criticism, without reference to the undercurrents that move society, is no longer acceptable in this age of thinking readers.

I have endeavored to write, as stated, for the general reader, but not with a patronizing form of expression, as if addressed to the uneducated, or to children, nor with a burden of worthless incident and detail, nor yet with any effort to please those who delight only in the spectacular. At the same time, knowing that many intelligent people who wish to know something of their country are not fond of reading history, I have given careful attention to style, in the hope that the book might be easy and pleasurable to read, as well as instructive.

I have devoted much space to the life of the people, -- their habits, modes of life, occupations, general progress, and the like, especially in the earlier period when they differed most widely from ourselves. But in treating the national period I have, however, without neglecting the industrial and social features, given greater space to political and constitutional development, as in this the life of a people who govern themselves is epitomized.

In my treatment of wars and disputes with foreign powers, I am aware that, with all my effort to view a subject from a neutral, judicial standpoint, an unconscious bias may be discerned; but should the book find any foreign readers, I beg them to remember that I have written absolutely sine ira.

In treating the Civil War and the great events that led to it, I have taken the utmost care to be fair to both sides; though as a native and resident of the North I no doubt partake of the prejudice of my section, if such prejudice can still be said to exist. I have refrained from using the terms "rebel" and "traitor" to designate those who rose in rebellion against the government, because of my profound respect for their sincerity.

One subject -- American literature -- I had hoped to treat with greater fullness; but I found that an adequate treatment of this very important subject would require too great a space for the scope of this volume. It is therefore recommended that this phase of our history be studied in separate works devoted to the purpose.1

The notes at the ends of the chapters are intended to elucidate something that has preceded in the text, to give personal traits of leading characters, to mention matters of too meager importance for the main narrative, or, as in many cases, to relate some event of real importance which did not exactly fit in the body of the text.

In preparing this work I have had frequent recourse to the original sources, but make no pretense that the work is based wholly, or even chiefly, on original research. I have freely used the works of other writers. A large number of these have been cited in the footnotes for the purpose of aiding the reader who desires to pursue the subject further, or to acknowledge an obligation to an author whose thought or form of expression has been, in some measure, adopted. Much information, however, has been gathered from sources not herein mentioned.

That the work may be accepted as authoritative throughout, I have exercised the utmost care to secure historic accuracy; but absolute accuracy is not always attainable, especially where points are under dispute, and where such a great number of subjects are to be treated. The pointing out of any errors by the reader will be deemed a kindness.

My thanks are due to many kind friends for suggestions; to various librarians in Philadelphia and New York for special courtesies; to Mr. Stewart Culing, former curator and Indian specialist of the University of Pennsylvania, who kindly read and criticised the chapter dealing with the Indian character. Above all, I am indebted to Professor Herman V. Ames of the University of Pennsylvania, who read the greater portion of the manuscript and made many important suggestions. To his thorough scholarship and ripe judgment I have deferred in many instances.

Information Of Mars

 Named for the Roman god of War, Mars probably got this name due to its red color. It is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet. The name of the month March derives from Mars. Known since prehistoric times, Mars is still a favorite of choice for human exploration.

The density of Mars is about 30 percent less than that of Earth (3.94 g/cm3 vs. 5.52 g/cm3). Its core is probably similar to Earth's, mostly iron, with small amounts of nickel, but spacecraft mapping of its gravity field seem to indicate that its iron-rich core and mantle are a smaller portion of its volume than on Earth. Also, its smaller magnetic field than Earth, indicates a solid, rather than liquid core.

Mars' atmosphere is 95 percent carbon dioxide, nearly 3 percent nitrogen, and nearly 2 percent argon with trace quantities of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water vapor, ozone, and other trace gases.

The average temperature on Mars is about -55 C or -67 F. It can range from -133 C or -207 F at the winter pole to almost 27 C or 80 F on the day side during summer. Orbiting 227,940,000 km (1.52 AU) from Sun, the Martian year is nearly two Earth years, while its day is only about half an hour longer than Earth's.

nawal el zoghby

Nawal Al Zoghbi (Arabic , born 29 June 1972, Byblos, Lebanon) is a Lebanese singer. Performing in Arabic she has a solid fan base throughout the Arab world and extending into Iran and North America and Europe.Her musical career has spanned over 20 years. Zoghbi believes her success is due to the true emotion she delivers through her voice. She is quoted as saying "whether a voice is big or small, if it lacks emotion it will never succeed"
Nawal George Al Zoghbi is a Lebanese singer. Born to a Maronite Catholic family in the coastal small town of Byblos,she holds Canadian citizenship.Al Zoghbi is the oldest born among three brothers and one sister. Al Zoghbi began singing at an early age, despite familial opposition to the lifestyle of a musician. Members of her family changed their minds when they realized she was serious in her ambitions. In 1988 she participated in the Lebanese talent show Studio El Fan.In 1990 she married Lebanese music manager Elie Deeb and went on to have three children with him. The couple legally separated in 2008, Al Zoghbi is currently waiting for the Maronite Catholic Church to recognize their divorce.
In 1996 Nawal released one of her most successful albums to date, named "Habeit Ya Leil". The album spawned three hit singles with "Habeit Ya Leil", "Noss El Alb", and "Ghareeb El Ray". In 1998, Nawal Al-Zoghbi released her album and single, "Mandam aleik". Nawal's next album Maloum was released in 1999. Her next two releases "El Layali" (2000) and "Tool Omri" (2001) were both launched within a year of each other, and provided Nawal with continued success, reclaiming her spot in Arabic pop. In 2002, she worked with controversial music video director Sherif Sabri to create a new image for her song "Elli Tmaneito".Nawal was angry with Sherif, so she stopped dealing with him. Teasers were aired on Egyptian satellite channel, Dream TV. After the full broadcast, the album received lukewarm reviews. Al Zoghbi blames its failure on her decision to not promote the album. Nevertheless, the album of the same name spawned two successful singles, 'Elli Tmaneito' and 'Byilba'lak'.

After a two-year break, her next album, "Eineik Kaddabeen", was released in the summer of 2004 at a lavish album-launch party in Cairo Inn. This album was accompanied by two singles: "Eineik Kaddabeen" and "Bi'einek". Immediately after promoting that album, Nawal then began work on "Yama Alou". She released the first single, "Rouhi Ya Rouhi", in August 2005. Her first live performance of "Rohi Ya Rohi" was at a concert she held at the Hammersmith Apollo, in London. The next single released from Yama Alou was "Shou Akhbarak" in February 2006

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